Leonard Fifield, a staff scientist at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Wash., and colleagues at PNNL and the University of Washington say they can now control the deposition of anchors on a carbon nanotube, 10,000 times smaller than a human hair, without muting the nanotube's promising physical properties.

Fifield reported the group's findings today at the American Chemical Society national meeting.

In the decade since the synthesis of the first carbon nanotubes, researchers have attached molecules--intended to be the "feelers" for picking up chemical sensations and passing the information to the nanotube--using techniques that call for strong acidity and other harsh conditions that compromise the material's utility.

"Usually, people use an organic solution of anchors and incubate the nanotubes in the solution to deposit the anchors," Fifield said. "This method allows little control over the level of anchor loading. Our innovation is the use of supercritical fluids--carbon dioxide, with both liquid and gas properties--for anchor deposition."

Their technique enables them "to deposit anchors on a wide variety of nanotube sample types, including those not easily incubated in solution," Fifield said. "It also enables us to control how much of a nanotube surface is coated with molecules and the thickness of the coating."

PNNL (www.pnl.gov) is a DOE Office of Science laboratory that solves complex problems in energy, national security, the environment and life sciences by advancing the understanding of physics, chemistry, biology and computation. PNNL employs 3,900, has a $650 million annual budget, and has been managed by Ohio-based Battelle since the lab's inception in 1965